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What was 1398 – March 2019 through March 2020 – like, in terms of security?
The year 1398, scaling between March 2019 and March 2020, saw a term of reduction in violence for the first time by the parties in conflict.
According to Ariana News reports, the government’s opposition forces, the Taliban and Daesh in particular, conducted at least 21 deadly attacks, killing and injuring hundreds. The Afghan government, on the other hand, marks 1398 as ‘worse’ for the opposition forces coming under thousands of military operations.
The 1398’s bloody attacks are penned as follows:
- Three consecutive blasts on Nawroz – Persian News Year – festival, Kabul; seven killed, four wounded, and no one claimed responsibility.
- Two blasts on Nawroz – Persian News Year – festival, Lashkar Gah; killing 3, injuring 3, the Taliban claimed responsibility.
- Two blasts in Jalalabad; 5 killed, 5 wounded, responsibility unknown.
- Attack on the Counter-Part Organization; 7 killed, 5 wounded, Taliban claimed responsibility.
- A suicide attack on Marshal Mohammad Qasim University; 7 killed, 9 wounded; Daesh claimed responsibility.
- A car bombing in the 9th district of Kabul; 7 killed, 3 wounded, Taliban claimed responsibility.
- A suicide bomber on a police car in Jalalabad; 9 dead, 12 wounded, the responsibility unknown.
- An attack in the Maroof district of Kandahar; eight employees of the Independent Election Commission were killed and the Taliban claimed responsibility.
- An attack in 16th district of Kabul; 9 killed, dozens wounded including 55 children. The Taliban claimed responsibility.
- A car bomb in Ghazni; 7 killed, 5 wounded, Taliban claimed responsibility.
- An explosion on the Khakrez road, Kandahar province; 9 killed, 20 wounded, the responsibility unknown.
- A suicide attack in front of Kabul University; 8 killed, 33 wounded, Daesh claimed responsibility.
- A car of the Ministry of Mines hit by a car bomb; 11 dead, 45 wounded, and the Taliban claimed responsibility.
- An attack in the Kijran district of Daikundi; 10 policemen killed, 7 injured, the Taliban claimed responsibility.
- A car bomb in the Aband district of Ghazni; 4 policemen killed, 11 policemen and 8 civilians wounded, the Taliban claimed responsibility.
- An attack on the office of the Green Trend in Kabul; 30 killed, 50 wounded, responsibility unknown.
- An explosion on the Kandahar-Herat highway, killing 34 civilians, injuring 17, responsibility unknown.
- An explosion in the Jaghato district of Wardak province; 5 civilians killed, 3 wounded, no claimed responsibility.
- A car bomb on a security checkpoint in the 6th district of Kabul; killed 18, wounded 145, and the Taliban claimed responsibility.
- A suicide bomber at a wedding hall in the west of Kabul, killing 63, wounding 182, Daesh claimed responsibility.
- Suicide bombing in Kabul's Makrurayan; killed 10 civilians and 2 foreign troopers, 42 wounded, Taliban claimed responsibility.
On the other hand, Interior Ministry officials say that this year, the police conducted two thousand and five hundred operations against insurgents. Although the casualties of the Afghan police are kept unrevealed, the year has been fatal for them too.
Tariq Aryan, a spokesman for the Interior Ministry, said that during 1398, the security forces were able to capture more areas from the Taliban.
This year, the Afghan forces and the armed oppositions took control of some districts on and off, but the Ministry of Defense says fourteen districts have been withdrawn from the Taliban.
Fawad Aman, the deputy spokesman for the Ministry of Defense, also said that this year was a ‘bad year’ for the Taliban.
Airstrikes by Afghan and foreign forces were also accompanied by civilian casualties. Ghani also has been criticized for the continuous attacks. The Independent Human Rights Commission says eleven thousand civilians have been killed and injured this year.
Sher Mohammad Karimi, former Afghan Army Chief of Staff says: "Security forces should have been kept away from political agendas.”
President Ghani announced lately that the Daesh in the east had been defeated – the peace talks were heated up, the war got a bit cold and for the first time, the parties in conflict agreed on a seven-day reduction in violence. Ariana News' findings suggest that millions of Afghanis were saved of the cost of the Afghan army during the RIV term.
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Afghanistan exported more than 2,500 tons of pine nuts in 1402
Afghan pine nut is mostly exported to China, India, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.
The Ministry of Industry and Commerce says that in the past solar year (1402) more than 2,500 tons of pine nuts worth $27 million were exported to neighboring countries and beyond.
Afghan pine nut is mostly exported to China, India, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.
“The total weight of black pine nut exports during 1402 was 2,523 tons and the value was $27 million, mostly to China, India, Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United States, Britain, Australia, the Netherlands, and other countries,” said Abdul Salam Javad Akhundzada, the spokesman of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce.
Officials in the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock say that since last year, pine nut production has increased in the country and they have also expanded artificial forests to harvest more pine nuts.
“In order to revive pine nut forests, according to last year's development budget, pine trees have been planted on approximately 1,500 hectares of land.
There used to be pine trees on these lands, but they were cut down or destroyed in a fire,” said Misbahuddin Mustain, the spokesperson of the Ministries of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.
Experts say that currently China buys most of Afghanistan's pint nuts, but the government must find new markets so that it can be sold at a better price.
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IEA says deportation of Afghan migrants from neighboring countries has intensified
A committee of the High Commission for Addressing the Problems of Migrants said the process of forced expulsion of Afghan migrants from neighboring countries has intensified.
However, members of the committee emphasized, in their meeting with the Prime Minister's administrative deputy, that they have managed the resettlement of the returnees well in cooperation with relevant institutions.
In the meeting, Abdul Salam Hanafi, the administrative deputy prime minister, said that as winter approaches, committees should seek to ensure that the returnees will not face problems.
Experts say that the refugee hosting countries should treat Afghan migrants according to international laws, and take into account the current conditions of the country.
“To reduce immigration and increase economic stability, creating employment opportunities, increasing investment, giving various types of loans to people and issuing securities can be effective,” said Asifa Stanikzai, a migration expert.
Iranian officials have said that they deport 3,000 Afghan immigrants from the country every day and they plan to deport two million Afghan immigrants by the end of this year.
Forced deportation of Afghan migrants from Iran and Pakistan has been a serious challenge in the last three years, but according to experts, the Islamic Emirate has been able to manage the process to some extent.
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Iran executes 13 Afghans in October, 49 in total since January
Last month, Iran carried out at least 166 executions in October alone bringing the total in the first 10 months of 2024 to at least 651
Iran Human Rights reported this weekend that in the first 10 months of 2024, Iran has executed 49 Afghan nationals, 13 of whom were executed in October alone.
According to IHR, the number of executions of Afghan nationals has increased in the past three years.
In 2022, 16 Afghan nationals, including a juvenile offender and a woman, were executed.
In 2023, this number increased to 25.
This year, the trend has accelerated further.
IHR warned that Iran may take advantage of the rising conflict between Iran and Israel to escalate the number of executions in the coming months.
Last month, Iran carried out at least 166 executions in October alone bringing the total in the first 10 months of 2024 to at least 651.
This marks the highest number of executions recorded in a single month since Iran Human Rights began documenting executions in 2007.
Among those executed were the 13 Afghan nationals, six women, and an Iranian-German citizen.
The organization has called on the international community, media, and civil society to closely monitor and respond to what they say is an “alarming rise in executions”.
IHR also stated that since the presidential election and the recent escalation in Iran-Israel tensions, the number of executions has surged, with at least 353 people having been executed between August and October - since President Massoud Pezeshkian took office.
The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has not yet commented on the number of Afghan nationals executed.
The Iranian government does not disclose the number of Afghans it executes or the reasons behind most cases.
However, it is widely believed that a significant portion of these executions are related to drug charges.
Human rights organizations have criticized the Iranian government for conducting such executions, arguing that these actions violate international laws and the right to life.
Amnesty International says that the death penalty, without exception, constitutes a violation of the right to life as articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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