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Report blames Trump’s Administration for 330% increase in civilian casualties
Outgoing President Donald Trump’s decision in 2017 to loosen military rules of engagement in Afghanistan that were meant to protect civilians was followed by a sharp increase in civilian deaths, a report released on Monday revealed.
The report by Brown University Watson Institute’s Costs of War Project, one of the premier authorities on civilian casualties in the 19-year-long war, found a 330 percent increase in the number of Afghan civilians killed by US-led airstrikes from 2016, the final year of the Barack Obama administration, to 2019.
Author of the report, Neta C. Crawford, said: “Some of this harm could be avoided by tighter rules of engagement, as well as better training. A negotiated ceasefire might also yield results at the bargaining table and at the same time avoid escalating harm to Afghan civilians from airstrikes.”
From 2007 to 2016, US-led and Afghan government forces killed an average of 582 civilians each year, the report found.
From 2017 to 2019, during Trump’s tenure, those same forces killed an average of 1,134 civilians each year, a nearly 95 percent increase.
The sharp increase in civilian deaths followed a decision by Trump, in consultation with former Defense Secretary James Mattis and other military and civilian officials, to relax rules of engagement in the Afghan war in order to give US commanders more battlefield flexibility and to gain leverage at the bargaining table with the Taliban.
“From 2017 through 2019, civilian deaths due to US and allied forces’ airstrikes in Afghanistan dramatically increased,” the report states.
“In 2019 airstrikes killed 700 civilians – more civilians than in any other year since the beginning of the war in 2001 and 2002. After the US and Taliban reached a peace agreement in late February 2020, US and other international air strikes declined, and so did the harm to civilians caused by those strikes.”
According to the United Nations, US-led and Afghan government airstrikes killed more civilians than did Taliban militant attacks during the first half of 2019.
The new report found that as US-led bombings declined following the agreement reached with the Taliban in February 2020, Afghan government airstrikes have increased.
“As a consequence, the Afghan Air Force (AAF) is harming more Afghan civilians than at any time in its history,” the report states.
“In the first six months of this year, the AAF killed 86 Afghan civilians and injured 103 civilians in airstrikes. That rate of harm nearly doubled in the next three months. Between July and the end of September, the Afghan Air Force killed 70 civilians and 90 civilians were injured.”
“As with the international airstrikes, some of this harm could be avoided by tighter rules of engagement, as well as better training,” the report states.
The report also highlights the fact that a reduction or even total withdrawal of US ground troops does not mean an end to war or civilian casualties, as most American combat is one-sided and takes place in the air.
The report also states that there were more weapons dropped from the air in 2018 and 2019 than at the height of US presence in Afghanistan in 2011.
According to the Costs of War Project report, more than 43,000 Afghan civilians have been killed during the 19-year US-led war.
While Taliban insurgents have killed the most civilians, thousands of men, women, and children have also been killed by US, allied, and Afghan government bombs and bullets, the report states.
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Pakistan welcomes US offer to facilitate dialogue with Afghanistan, while Kabul rejects Islamabad’s allegations
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who expressed Washington’s willingness to play a constructive role in reducing tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Pakistan has welcomed a US offer to facilitate dialogue between Islamabad and Kabul, expressing readiness to support diplomatic efforts by Washington and other friendly countries to ease tensions between the two neighbouring nations.
According to Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry, meaningful negotiations with Afghanistan would require clear commitments and practical, verifiable action by the Islamic Emirate authorities against militant groups allegedly operating from Afghan territory.
The Pakistani official specifically referred to the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and other armed groups, describing action against them as a key condition for progress in bilateral talks.
However, the Islamic Emirate has rejected Pakistan’s allegations, maintaining that no armed groups are present in Afghanistan and that Afghan territory is not being used against any country, particularly neighbouring states.
The developments follow remarks by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who expressed Washington’s willingness to play a constructive role in reducing tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Pakistan says it remains committed to constructive engagement with Kabul but insists that dialogue must address Islamabad’s security concerns.
Meanwhile, the Islamic Emirate maintains that Pakistan’s security challenges are internal matters and that responsibility for resolving them should not be placed on Afghanistan.
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Afghan PM accepts credentials of Belarusian ambassador
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Mullah Abdul Wasi, director general of the Office of the Prime Minister, also attended the ceremony.
Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund, prime minister of the Islamic Emirate, has received the credentials of Aleksandr Ogorodnikov, Belarus’ non-resident ambassador and special envoy to Afghanistan, during a ceremony at the Arg in Kabul.
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Mullah Abdul Wasi, director general of the Office of the Prime Minister, also attended the ceremony. The two sides discussed expanding political, economic and transit relations between Afghanistan and Belarus.
Akhund described the start of the ambassador’s mission as a sign of a new chapter in relations between the two countries and expressed hope that his appointment would further strengthen political, economic and transit cooperation between Kabul and Minsk. He said Afghanistan was ready for comprehensive cooperation in these areas.
For his part, Ogorodnikov expressed satisfaction with the start of his mission in Afghanistan and said Belarus planned to increase trade with Afghanistan in the fields of agriculture, food products and pharmaceuticals.
He also said recent visits by various Islamic Emirate delegations to Belarus had helped strengthen trust and expand bilateral relations.
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36 Afghans among 38 migrants rescued off Dutch coast; two Sudanese arrested
The migrants were rescued on Saturday after their rubber boat, which had no functioning engine, was found drifting off the Dutch coast.
Dutch authorities have confirmed that 36 of the 38 men rescued from a stranded rubber boat off the coast of Cadzand in Zeeland are Afghan nationals, while two Sudanese men have been arrested on suspicion of human smuggling.
The migrants were rescued on Saturday after their rubber boat, which had no functioning engine, was found drifting off the Dutch coast.
Following the rescue, the vessel was towed to Cadzand, where all 38 men were brought ashore. The two Sudanese nationals were subsequently arrested as part of an investigation into suspected human smuggling.
The 36 Afghan nationals are currently being held in temporary custody at the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee facility in Hoogerheide, in the Brabant-Oost region.
Authorities are working to establish their identities and determine whether they intend to seek asylum in the Netherlands.
The Marechaussee is leading the operation, with support from the Royal Netherlands Sea Rescue Institution (KNRM) and the Dutch Coast Guard.
The vessel was reportedly a Zodiac-type inflatable boat, commonly used in migrant crossings. However, authorities have not disclosed where the boat originated or its intended destination.
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