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Afghanistan among the ‘worst of the worst’ in violating religious freedom: US panel

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Afghanistan should join a list of the “worst of the worst” violators of religious freedom, a U.S. advisory body is recommending to the State Department.

The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, said in its annual report issued Monday, that religious minorities have “faced harassment, detention and even death due to their faith or beliefs” since the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) came into power in August last year.

It also cited attacks on religious minorities by ISIS in Afghanistan, which is an enemy of the IEA.

Afghanistan is among 15 nations that the commission says should be on the State Department’s list of “countries of particular concern.” The commission, in its report summary, defined these as governments as the “worst of the worst” in tolerating or engaging in “systematic, ongoing and egregious violations of religious freedom.”

The commission, created in 1998 under the International Religious Freedom Act, makes nonbinding policy recommendations to the administration and Congress. The State Department has adopted some but not all of its recommendations in the past.

In the new report, the commission recommends maintaining 10 countries currently on the State Department list, including China, Eritrea, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.

It also recommends adding four more in addition to Afghanistan — India, Nigeria, Syria and Vietnam. The commission criticized the Biden administration for removing Nigeria from the list last year.

The report said that in Afghanistan, many minority Jewish, Hindu and Sikh residents have fled the country after the IEA returned to power. It said many members of other religious minorities, such as Ahmadiyya Muslims, Baha’is and Christian converts are worshipping in secret for fear of persecution.

Several deadly attacks on Hazaras, Shiite minority, have been attributed to the ISIS-K (Daesh) which is hostile to the IEA and proven to be a security challenge.

The report said non-Muslim Afghans comprised a tiny fraction of the population. It said 99.7% of Afghans are Muslim, most of them Sunni Muslims, with about 10% to 15% Shiite Muslims.

“The Taliban (IEA), while they promised they would form an inclusive government, promising they would be a different kind of government, their actions have proven otherwise,” commission Chair Nadine Maenza said in an interview. She said that even members of the Sunni majority who don’t share the IEA interpretation of Islamic law are being required to conform to strict dress codes and other measures.

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Swiss court says some Afghan asylum seekers can be returned

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Switzerland’s Federal Administrative Court has ruled that some Afghan refugees can be returned to Afghanistan under “favorable individual circumstances,” according to Swiss media.

The ruling came after the court rejected an appeal by a young Afghan man against his deportation, SWI reported on Wednesday.

The court reassessed the security and humanitarian situation in Afghanistan and concluded that deportations could be allowed in cases involving people with favorable individual circumstances.

The case concerned a young, healthy Afghan man who has work experience and reportedly has family support in Kabul.

Switzerland’s migration authorities rejected his asylum application in late 2025 and ordered him to leave the country.

The court said returns to Afghanistan should remain limited but could be permitted in certain individual cases.

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Iran, China and Turkey rank as IEA’s top three diplomatic partners since 2021

Iran ranked first with 494 country-level engagements, followed by China with 432 and Turkey with 394. Qatar and Uzbekistan ranked fourth and fifth, with 347 and 316 engagements respectively.

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Iran, China and Turkey have been the Islamic Emirate’s three most frequent diplomatic partners since IEA returned to power in Afghanistan in 2021, according to a new analysis by Aaron Y. Zelin, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

The analysis covers the IEA’s diplomatic engagements between August 15, 2021, and August 15, 2026. During this period, the IEA publicly announced 3,651 diplomatic engagements with 103 countries and entities.

Iran ranked first with 494 country-level engagements, followed by China with 432 and Turkey with 394. Qatar and Uzbekistan ranked fourth and fifth, with 347 and 316 engagements respectively.

None of these countries have formally recognized the IEA government.

Russia remains the only country to have formally recognized the Taliban government, doing so in July 2025. Turkey is among a broader group of countries, including Persian Gulf and Central Asian states, that have accepted Taliban-appointed diplomats without formally recognizing the government.

The analysis says the IEA has increasingly focused on strengthening existing relationships through consulates, joint commissions and trade councils, rather than establishing ties with new countries.

Meanwhile, Western diplomatic engagement has declined significantly, accounting for about 16 percent of IEA diplomatic activity in the first year after the takeover, compared with only 5 percent in the fifth year.

Zelin argues that the IEA has expanded its international relations without making major concessions on issues including restrictions on women and girls and security concerns.

 

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Sirajuddin Haqqani: We should accept the legitimate demands of the people

According to Haqqani, independence cannot be achieved through security alone; strengthening the economy, increasing domestic production, meeting the country’s needs, social justice, the rule of law and trust between the people and the government are also essential.

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Senior officials of the Islamic Emirate emphasized preserving Afghanistan’s independence, ensuring security, maintaining national unity and promoting economic development during a ceremony marking the anniversary of Afghanistan’s independence on August 19.

Khalifa Sirajuddin Haqqani, Minister of Interior, said that preserving the country’s independence requires respecting the legitimate demands of the people and taking their views into account in governance and the development of Afghanistan.

He said: “We must respect the will and wishes of the people and not impose our views on them. We should accept the legitimate demands of the people and should not insult or humiliate them for demanding their rights. Just as our people helped us drive out the occupiers, we should also accept their views in building the system and developing the country.”

According to Haqqani, independence cannot be achieved through security alone; strengthening the economy, increasing domestic production, meeting the country’s needs, social justice, the rule of law and trust between the people and the government are also essential.

Haqqani also stressed unity among Afghanistan’s ethnic groups, saying the country is a common home for all ethnicities and regions and that its strength lies in unity.

Fasihuddin Fitrat, Chief of Staff of the Afghan Armed Forces, warned opponents of the system that they would not be able to challenge the current government. He urged them to return to the country, saying the Islamic Emirate’s doors remain open to them, but warned that any attempt to disrupt order and security would face a “firm and serious” response from the armed forces.

Amir Khan Muttaqi, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said Afghanistan has made progress in economic and infrastructure sectors despite external pressures. He added that regional countries have realized that Afghanistan will not allow the implementation of a “foreign agenda.”

Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, also called on opponents to stand alongside the government and the people and refrain from fueling civil war.

Mohammad Yaqoob Mujahid, Minister of Defense, stressed the importance of prioritizing national interests and said the government is committed to making Afghanistan self-sufficient in all sectors.

He said: “Put the greater interests of the system first and set aside personal and minor interests. Whenever the country’s higher interests and national priorities are threatened, we must all join hands, stand shoulder to shoulder and confront the danger together.”

Abdul Salam Hanafi, Deputy Prime Minister for Administrative Affairs, also stressed the importance of preserving unity, saying ethnic, linguistic, regional, professional and sectarian divisions should not seriously undermine national unity and must be avoided. He also called for modern equipment and training for the country’s military forces.

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